PowerFlex 70 AC Drive 34 A at 25 Hp 20A
PowerFlex 70 AC Drive 34 A at 25 Hp 20A
| Unique Product Identifier |
20AD034A0AYNANC0
|
|---|---|
| UPC |
820919211287
|
| Estimated Lead Time |
5 days
|
| Standard Warranty Duration |
1 year See details |
| Country of Origin |
Mexico
|
| Brake IGBT |
Brake IGBT Installed
|
|---|---|
| Brake Resistor |
No Internal
|
| Control |
Enhanced Control with 24V I/O
|
| Filter Options |
W/ EMC Filt & ComModeChoke
|
| Internal Communication Module |
No Communication Module
|
| Sub Brand |
PowerFlex 70 AC Drive
|
| AC input overvoltage trip |
570V AC @ 480V
|
|---|---|
| AC input undervoltage trip |
280V AC @ 480V
|
| Acceleration/deceleration |
Two independently progmable accel and decel times. Each time can be progmed from 0...3600 s in 0.1 s increments
|
| Application in domestic- and commercial area permitted |
True
|
| Application in industrial area permitted |
True
|
| Brake IGBT |
Brake IGBT installed
|
| Brake resistor |
Without drive mounted brake resistor
|
| Bus overvoltage trip |
810V DC @ 480V
|
| Bus undervoltage fault level |
300V DC @ 480V
|
| Bus undervoltage output shutoff |
437V DC @ 480V
|
| Bus voltage, nom |
648V DC @ 480V
|
| Carrier frequency |
Standard control: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 kHz, vector control: 2, 4, 8, and 12 kHz, drive rating based on 4 kHz
|
| Circuit breaker current rating, max |
125A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Control logic noise immunity |
Showering arc transients upto 1500V peak
|
| Control method |
Sine coded PWM with progmable carrier frequency. Ratings apply to all drives
|
| Control options |
Enhanced control with 24V I/O
|
| Cooling fan operation |
Frames B, D, and E: fan operates when power is applied and in run condition
|
| Current limit capability |
Proactive current limit progmable from 20...160% of rated output current, Independently progmable proportional and integral gain
|
| Displacement power factor (all drives) |
0.98 across speed range
|
| Documentation |
Manual
|
| Drive overcurrent trip |
Software current limit: 20...160% of rated current
|
| Drive to motor power ratio, max |
Recommended not greater than 2:1 ratio
|
| Drive to motor power ratio, min |
Recommended not less than 1:2 ratio
|
| Dual element time delay fuse current rating |
40...70A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Efficiency |
97.5% at rated A, nominal line volts
|
| Enclosure type |
Panel mount-IP20/NEMA Type 1
|
| Encoder duty cycle |
50% ±10%
|
| Encoder quadrature |
90° ±27°
|
| Encoder supply |
5V/12V configurable ±5%
|
| Encoder type |
Incremental, dual channel
|
| External watts loss |
363.8 W @ 480V @ 25Hp normal duty
|
| Feedback option |
No ftdback
|
| Frequency accuracy |
Digital input: within ±0.01% of set output frequency
|
| Frequency control-speed regulation |
With slip compensation (Volts per Hz mode): 0.5% of base speed across 40:1 speed range, 40:1 operating range, 10 rad/sec bandwidth
|
| Ground fault trip |
Phase-to-ground on drive output
|
| Heat sink thermistor |
Monitored by microprocessor overtemp trip
|
| Human interface model |
No HIM-blank plate
|
| Input current rating |
31.2A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Input frequency tolerance |
47 Hz
|
| Input phases |
Three-phase input provides full rating for all drives. single-phase ops provides 50% of rated current
|
| Input power rating |
25.9 kVA @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Integrated breaking resistance |
False
|
| Intermittent overload |
110% overload capability for up to 1 min, 150% overload capability for up to 3 s
|
| Internal EMC filtering |
S environment filter per CE EMC directive (89/336/EEC)
|
| Internal communication module |
No communication module
|
| Internal dynamic brake resistors |
62 ohm
|
| Internal watts loss |
40.5 W @ 480V @ 25Hp normal duty
|
| Line transients |
Up to 6000 volts peak per IEEE C62.41-1991
|
| Logic control ride-thru |
0.5 s minimum, 2 s typical
|
| Mains frequency |
50 Hz
|
| Mains voltage |
480 V
|
| Motor circuit protector current rating, max |
50A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Motor overload protection |
Class 10 motor overload protection according to NEC article 430 and motor over-temperature protection according to NEC article 430.126 (A)(2). UL 508C file E59272
|
| Non-time delay fuse current rating |
40...125A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Number of HW-interfaces RS-232 |
2
|
| Number of HW-interfaces RS-485 |
2
|
| Number of HW-interfaces USB |
2
|
| Number of analogue inputs |
2
|
| Number of analogue outputs |
1
|
| Number of digital inputs |
6
|
| Number of digital outputs |
2
|
| Number of phases input |
3
|
| Number of phases output |
3
|
| Output current rating |
34 A, 25 Hp normal duty, 20 Hp heavy duty, frame D
|
| Output current rating, 1 min |
40.5A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Output current rating, 3 sec |
54A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Output current rating, continuous |
34A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Output frequency range |
Standard control: 0...400 Hz, enhanced control: 0...500 Hz
|
| Output voltage range |
0 to rated motor voltage
|
| Power ride-thru |
15 ms at full load
|
| Relative symmetric net voltage tolerance |
10 %
|
| Selectable motor control |
Sensorless vector with full tuning. Standards V/Hz with full custom capability and vector control
|
| Short circuit current rating, max |
Maximum short circuit current rating to match specified fuse/circuit breaker capability
|
| Short circuit rating, max |
200000 A symmetrical
|
| Short circuit trip |
Phase-to-phase on drive output
|
| Speed control-speed regulation |
Without ftdback (Vector Control mode): 0.1% of base speed across 120:1 speed range, 120:1 operating range, 30 rad/sec bandwidth
|
| Stop modes |
Multiple progmable stop modes including - RA, Coast, DC-brake, Fast brake, RA-to-hold and S-curve
|
| Supporting protocol for CAN |
True
|
| Supporting protocol for DeviceNet |
True
|
| Supporting protocol for EtherNet/IP |
True
|
| Supporting protocol for Modbus |
True
|
| Supporting protocol for PROFIBUS |
True
|
| Supporting protocol for TCP/IP |
True
|
| Torque regulation |
Without ftdback +/-10%, with ftdback +/-5%
|
| Total watts loss |
404.3 W @ 480V @ 25Hp normal duty
|
| Voltage tolerance |
-10 %
|
| With control element |
True
|
| Altitude |
1000 m (3300 ft.) maximum without derating
|
|---|---|
| Atmosphere |
Drive must not be installed in an area where the ambient atmosphere contains volatile or corrosive gas, vapors or dust, If the drive is not going to be installed immediately, store the drive where it is not exposed to a corrosive atmosphere
|
| Degree of protection (NEMA) |
1
|
| Pollution degree 1 according to EN 61800-5-1 |
No pollution occurs, only dry non-conductive pollution occurs, and has no influence
|
| Pollution degree 2 according to EN 61800-5-1 |
Normally only non-conductive pollution occurs, Occasionally a temporary conductivity, caused by condensation is expected when the drive is out of ops
|
| Pollution degree 3 according to EN 61800-5-1 |
Conductive pollution occurs, dry non-conductive pollution occurs and becomes conductive due to condensation
|
| Pollution degree 4 according to EN 61800-5-1 |
The pollution generates persistent conductivity caused, for exAle, by conductive dust, rain or snow
|
| Relative humidity |
5...95% noncondensing
|
| Storage temperature |
-40 °C
|
| Surrounding air temperature, max |
IP20, NEMA/UL Type 1: 0...50 °C (32...122 °F) without derating
|
| Surrounding environment pollution degree |
All enclosures are acceptable for pollution degree 1 and 2, an enclosure that meets or exceeds IP54, NEMA/UL type 12, is required for pollution degree 3 and 4
|
| Degree of protection (IP) |
IP20
|
|---|---|
| Shock |
15 G peak for 11 ms duration (±1.0 ms)
|
| Vibration |
0.152 mm (0.006 in) displacement, 1 G peak
|
| Depth, approx |
IP66, NEMA/UL Type 4X/12 for indoor use: 210.7 mm
|
|---|---|
| Height, approx |
IP66, NEMA/UL Type 4X/12 for indoor use: 350 mm
|
| Weight, approx |
IP66, NEMA/UL Type 4X/12 for indoor use: 9.13 kg
|
| Width, approx |
IP66, NEMA/UL Type 4X/12 for indoor use: 219.9 mm
|
| Drawings | |
|---|---|
| Control Terminal Block Drawing | Download (PDF) |
| Dimension Drawing (Catalog Pages) | Download (PDF) |
| 2D Dimension Drawing (DWG/DXF) | Download (ZIP) |
| PowerTerminal Block Drawing | Download (PDF) |
| 2D Dimension Drawing (PDF) | Download (PDF) |
| 3D STEP (STP) Model | Download (ZIP) |
| Drawings |
|---|
| Control Terminal Block Drawing Download (PDF) |
| Dimension Drawing (Catalog Pages) Download (PDF) |
| 2D Dimension Drawing (DWG/DXF) Download (ZIP) |
| PowerTerminal Block Drawing Download (PDF) |
| 2D Dimension Drawing (PDF) Download (PDF) |
| 3D STEP (STP) Model Download (ZIP) |
Click the Download CAD button below to view all file formats available for download.
| Application Techniques | Publication |
|---|---|
| APPLICATION_TECHNIQUES_pflex-at001_-en-p | PFLEX-AT001 |
| General | Publication |
|---|---|
| Specification Sheet | -- |
| Product Profile | -- |
| Drive Specification | -- |
| Wire Size Table | -- |
| Parameter List | -- |
| Short Circuit Ratings Data Sheet | -- |
| Product Brochure | -- |
| Product Cutsheet | -- |
| User Manual Documentation Update | -- |
| PowerFlex 70 700 Reference Manual - Vol 1 | PFLEX-RM001 |
| User Manual | -- |
| Routine Maintenance Guidelines | -- |
| Fuse Size Table | -- |
| Installation Instructions | Publication |
|---|---|
| INSTALLATION_INSTRUCTIONS_20a-in002_-mu-p | 20A-IN002 |
| Quick Reference | Publication |
|---|---|
| QUICK_REFERENCE_20him-qr001_-mu-p | 20HIM-QR001 |
| Reference Manual | Publication |
|---|---|
| REFERENCE_MANUAL_pflex-rm004_-en-e | PFLEX-RM004 |
| Technical Data | Publication |
|---|---|
| 20a-td001_-en-p | 20A-TD001 |
| User Manual | Publication |
|---|---|
| USER_MANUAL_20a-um001_-en-p | 20A-UM001 |
| Wiring Diagram | Publication |
|---|---|
| WIRING_DIAGRAM_21vw-wd002_-en-p | 21VW-WD002 |
- Eurasion Economic Community
- CE
- Korean KC
- Lloyds Register
- Australian RCM
- Safety
- Seismic
- UL Listed
- UNITED KINGDOM SAFETY CERTIFICATE
This product was certified with the above certifications as of 2026-08-11. Products sold before or after this date might carry different certifications. Please review the product label to check for the certifications your specific product carries.
Looking for certification documents?
Explore certifications for this product and more in our comprehensive Literature Library.
| EU Importer Address |
Rockwell Automation N.V |
|---|---|
| EU Authorized Representative Address |
Rockwell Automation N.V |
| Technotes |
|---|
Overview
| Unique Product Identifier |
20AD034A0AYNANC0
|
|---|---|
| UPC |
820919211287
|
| Estimated Lead Time |
5 days
|
| Standard Warranty Duration |
1 year See details |
| Country of Origin |
Mexico
|
Electrical & Connectivity
| Brake IGBT |
Brake IGBT Installed
|
|---|---|
| Brake Resistor |
No Internal
|
| Control |
Enhanced Control with 24V I/O
|
| Filter Options |
W/ EMC Filt & ComModeChoke
|
| Internal Communication Module |
No Communication Module
|
| Sub Brand |
PowerFlex 70 AC Drive
|
| AC input overvoltage trip |
570V AC @ 480V
|
|---|---|
| AC input undervoltage trip |
280V AC @ 480V
|
| Acceleration/deceleration |
Two independently progmable accel and decel times. Each time can be progmed from 0...3600 s in 0.1 s increments
|
| Application in domestic- and commercial area permitted |
True
|
| Application in industrial area permitted |
True
|
| Brake IGBT |
Brake IGBT installed
|
| Brake resistor |
Without drive mounted brake resistor
|
| Bus overvoltage trip |
810V DC @ 480V
|
| Bus undervoltage fault level |
300V DC @ 480V
|
| Bus undervoltage output shutoff |
437V DC @ 480V
|
| Bus voltage, nom |
648V DC @ 480V
|
| Carrier frequency |
Standard control: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 kHz, vector control: 2, 4, 8, and 12 kHz, drive rating based on 4 kHz
|
| Circuit breaker current rating, max |
125A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Control logic noise immunity |
Showering arc transients upto 1500V peak
|
| Control method |
Sine coded PWM with progmable carrier frequency. Ratings apply to all drives
|
| Control options |
Enhanced control with 24V I/O
|
| Cooling fan operation |
Frames B, D, and E: fan operates when power is applied and in run condition
|
| Current limit capability |
Proactive current limit progmable from 20...160% of rated output current, Independently progmable proportional and integral gain
|
| Displacement power factor (all drives) |
0.98 across speed range
|
| Documentation |
Manual
|
| Drive overcurrent trip |
Software current limit: 20...160% of rated current
|
| Drive to motor power ratio, max |
Recommended not greater than 2:1 ratio
|
| Drive to motor power ratio, min |
Recommended not less than 1:2 ratio
|
| Dual element time delay fuse current rating |
40...70A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Efficiency |
97.5% at rated A, nominal line volts
|
| Enclosure type |
Panel mount-IP20/NEMA Type 1
|
| Encoder duty cycle |
50% ±10%
|
| Encoder quadrature |
90° ±27°
|
| Encoder supply |
5V/12V configurable ±5%
|
| Encoder type |
Incremental, dual channel
|
| External watts loss |
363.8 W @ 480V @ 25Hp normal duty
|
| Feedback option |
No ftdback
|
| Frequency accuracy |
Digital input: within ±0.01% of set output frequency
|
| Frequency control-speed regulation |
With slip compensation (Volts per Hz mode): 0.5% of base speed across 40:1 speed range, 40:1 operating range, 10 rad/sec bandwidth
|
| Ground fault trip |
Phase-to-ground on drive output
|
| Heat sink thermistor |
Monitored by microprocessor overtemp trip
|
| Human interface model |
No HIM-blank plate
|
| Input current rating |
31.2A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Input frequency tolerance |
47 Hz
|
| Input phases |
Three-phase input provides full rating for all drives. single-phase ops provides 50% of rated current
|
| Input power rating |
25.9 kVA @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Integrated breaking resistance |
False
|
| Intermittent overload |
110% overload capability for up to 1 min, 150% overload capability for up to 3 s
|
| Internal EMC filtering |
S environment filter per CE EMC directive (89/336/EEC)
|
| Internal communication module |
No communication module
|
| Internal dynamic brake resistors |
62 ohm
|
| Internal watts loss |
40.5 W @ 480V @ 25Hp normal duty
|
| Line transients |
Up to 6000 volts peak per IEEE C62.41-1991
|
| Logic control ride-thru |
0.5 s minimum, 2 s typical
|
| Mains frequency |
50 Hz
|
| Mains voltage |
480 V
|
| Motor circuit protector current rating, max |
50A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Motor overload protection |
Class 10 motor overload protection according to NEC article 430 and motor over-temperature protection according to NEC article 430.126 (A)(2). UL 508C file E59272
|
| Non-time delay fuse current rating |
40...125A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Number of HW-interfaces RS-232 |
2
|
| Number of HW-interfaces RS-485 |
2
|
| Number of HW-interfaces USB |
2
|
| Number of analogue inputs |
2
|
| Number of analogue outputs |
1
|
| Number of digital inputs |
6
|
| Number of digital outputs |
2
|
| Number of phases input |
3
|
| Number of phases output |
3
|
| Output current rating |
34 A, 25 Hp normal duty, 20 Hp heavy duty, frame D
|
| Output current rating, 1 min |
40.5A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Output current rating, 3 sec |
54A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Output current rating, continuous |
34A @ 480V AC, 3-phase
|
| Output frequency range |
Standard control: 0...400 Hz, enhanced control: 0...500 Hz
|
| Output voltage range |
0 to rated motor voltage
|
| Power ride-thru |
15 ms at full load
|
| Relative symmetric net voltage tolerance |
10 %
|
| Selectable motor control |
Sensorless vector with full tuning. Standards V/Hz with full custom capability and vector control
|
| Short circuit current rating, max |
Maximum short circuit current rating to match specified fuse/circuit breaker capability
|
| Short circuit rating, max |
200000 A symmetrical
|
| Short circuit trip |
Phase-to-phase on drive output
|
| Speed control-speed regulation |
Without ftdback (Vector Control mode): 0.1% of base speed across 120:1 speed range, 120:1 operating range, 30 rad/sec bandwidth
|
| Stop modes |
Multiple progmable stop modes including - RA, Coast, DC-brake, Fast brake, RA-to-hold and S-curve
|
| Supporting protocol for CAN |
True
|
| Supporting protocol for DeviceNet |
True
|
| Supporting protocol for EtherNet/IP |
True
|
| Supporting protocol for Modbus |
True
|
| Supporting protocol for PROFIBUS |
True
|
| Supporting protocol for TCP/IP |
True
|
| Torque regulation |
Without ftdback +/-10%, with ftdback +/-5%
|
| Total watts loss |
404.3 W @ 480V @ 25Hp normal duty
|
| Voltage tolerance |
-10 %
|
| With control element |
True
|
Compliance & Environment
| Altitude |
1000 m (3300 ft.) maximum without derating
|
|---|---|
| Atmosphere |
Drive must not be installed in an area where the ambient atmosphere contains volatile or corrosive gas, vapors or dust, If the drive is not going to be installed immediately, store the drive where it is not exposed to a corrosive atmosphere
|
| Degree of protection (NEMA) |
1
|
| Pollution degree 1 according to EN 61800-5-1 |
No pollution occurs, only dry non-conductive pollution occurs, and has no influence
|
| Pollution degree 2 according to EN 61800-5-1 |
Normally only non-conductive pollution occurs, Occasionally a temporary conductivity, caused by condensation is expected when the drive is out of ops
|
| Pollution degree 3 according to EN 61800-5-1 |
Conductive pollution occurs, dry non-conductive pollution occurs and becomes conductive due to condensation
|
| Pollution degree 4 according to EN 61800-5-1 |
The pollution generates persistent conductivity caused, for exAle, by conductive dust, rain or snow
|
| Relative humidity |
5...95% noncondensing
|
| Storage temperature |
-40 °C
|
| Surrounding air temperature, max |
IP20, NEMA/UL Type 1: 0...50 °C (32...122 °F) without derating
|
| Surrounding environment pollution degree |
All enclosures are acceptable for pollution degree 1 and 2, an enclosure that meets or exceeds IP54, NEMA/UL type 12, is required for pollution degree 3 and 4
|
Physical Characteristics
| Degree of protection (IP) |
IP20
|
|---|---|
| Shock |
15 G peak for 11 ms duration (±1.0 ms)
|
| Vibration |
0.152 mm (0.006 in) displacement, 1 G peak
|
| Depth, approx |
IP66, NEMA/UL Type 4X/12 for indoor use: 210.7 mm
|
|---|---|
| Height, approx |
IP66, NEMA/UL Type 4X/12 for indoor use: 350 mm
|
| Weight, approx |
IP66, NEMA/UL Type 4X/12 for indoor use: 9.13 kg
|
| Width, approx |
IP66, NEMA/UL Type 4X/12 for indoor use: 219.9 mm
|
Drawings
| Drawings | |
|---|---|
| Control Terminal Block Drawing | Download (PDF) |
| Dimension Drawing (Catalog Pages) | Download (PDF) |
| 2D Dimension Drawing (DWG/DXF) | Download (ZIP) |
| PowerTerminal Block Drawing | Download (PDF) |
| 2D Dimension Drawing (PDF) | Download (PDF) |
| 3D STEP (STP) Model | Download (ZIP) |
| Drawings |
|---|
| Control Terminal Block Drawing Download (PDF) |
| Dimension Drawing (Catalog Pages) Download (PDF) |
| 2D Dimension Drawing (DWG/DXF) Download (ZIP) |
| PowerTerminal Block Drawing Download (PDF) |
| 2D Dimension Drawing (PDF) Download (PDF) |
| 3D STEP (STP) Model Download (ZIP) |
Click the Download CAD button below to view all file formats available for download.
Documents
|
APPLICATION_TECHNIQUES_pflex-at001_-en-p
Application Techniques
PFLEX-AT001 |
|
Specification Sheet
General
-- |
|
Product Profile
General
-- |
|
Drive Specification
General
-- |
|
Wire Size Table
General
-- |
|
Parameter List
General
-- |
|
Short Circuit Ratings Data Sheet
General
-- |
|
Product Brochure
General
-- |
|
Product Cutsheet
General
-- |
|
User Manual Documentation Update
General
-- |
|
PowerFlex 70 700 Reference Manual - Vol 1
General
PFLEX-RM001 |
|
User Manual
General
-- |
|
Routine Maintenance Guidelines
General
-- |
|
Fuse Size Table
General
-- |
|
INSTALLATION_INSTRUCTIONS_20a-in002_-mu-p
Installation Instructions
20A-IN002 |
|
QUICK_REFERENCE_20him-qr001_-mu-p
Quick Reference
20HIM-QR001 |
|
REFERENCE_MANUAL_pflex-rm004_-en-e
Reference Manual
PFLEX-RM004 |
|
20a-td001_-en-p
Technical Data
20A-TD001 |
|
USER_MANUAL_20a-um001_-en-p
User Manual
20A-UM001 |
|
WIRING_DIAGRAM_21vw-wd002_-en-p
Wiring Diagram
21VW-WD002 |
| Application Techniques | Publication |
|---|---|
| APPLICATION_TECHNIQUES_pflex-at001_-en-p | PFLEX-AT001 |
| General | Publication |
| Specification Sheet | -- |
| Product Profile | -- |
| Drive Specification | -- |
| Wire Size Table | -- |
| Parameter List | -- |
| Short Circuit Ratings Data Sheet | -- |
| Product Brochure | -- |
| Product Cutsheet | -- |
| User Manual Documentation Update | -- |
| PowerFlex 70 700 Reference Manual - Vol 1 | PFLEX-RM001 |
| User Manual | -- |
| Routine Maintenance Guidelines | -- |
| Fuse Size Table | -- |
| Installation Instructions | Publication |
| INSTALLATION_INSTRUCTIONS_20a-in002_-mu-p | 20A-IN002 |
| Quick Reference | Publication |
| QUICK_REFERENCE_20him-qr001_-mu-p | 20HIM-QR001 |
| Reference Manual | Publication |
| REFERENCE_MANUAL_pflex-rm004_-en-e | PFLEX-RM004 |
| Technical Data | Publication |
| 20a-td001_-en-p | 20A-TD001 |
| User Manual | Publication |
| USER_MANUAL_20a-um001_-en-p | 20A-UM001 |
| Wiring Diagram | Publication |
| WIRING_DIAGRAM_21vw-wd002_-en-p | 21VW-WD002 |
Downloads
Certifications
- Eurasion Economic Community
- CE
- Korean KC
- Lloyds Register
- Australian RCM
- Safety
- Seismic
- UL Listed
- UNITED KINGDOM SAFETY CERTIFICATE
This product was certified with the above certifications as of 2026-08-11. Products sold before or after this date might carry different certifications. Please review the product label to check for the certifications your specific product carries.
Looking for certification documents?
Explore certifications for this product and more in our comprehensive Literature Library.
| EU Importer Address |
Rockwell Automation N.V |
|---|---|
| EU Authorized Representative Address |
Rockwell Automation N.V |
Accessories
Alternative Products
Technotes
| Technotes |
|---|